{
  "id": "QSY-LIB-0015",
  "title": "软玉：角闪石组成、纤维交织结构与产地名称",
  "topic": "软玉基础",
  "kind": "材料条目",
  "group": "knowledge",
  "summary": "软玉（nephrite）是以角闪石矿物为主、具有细密交织结构的玉石材料。组成说明由什么构成，结构解释晶体怎样组合，产地则说明材料来自哪里；三个层次需要分别理解。",
  "aliases": [
    "软玉",
    "nephrite",
    "透闪石",
    "阳起石",
    "铁阳起石",
    "纤维交织结构"
  ],
  "properties": [
    {
      "name": "英文材料名",
      "value": "Nephrite jade",
      "source": "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-01"
    },
    {
      "name": "主要矿物家族",
      "value": "角闪石；组成可涉及透闪石、阳起石及铁阳起石",
      "source": "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-01"
    },
    {
      "name": "组成中的变化",
      "value": "相关角闪石矿物的镁、铁含量可以不同",
      "source": "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-01"
    },
    {
      "name": "典型结构",
      "value": "细长纤维状晶体相互交织",
      "source": "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-02"
    },
    {
      "name": "莫氏硬度",
      "value": "GIA科普列6—6.5；衡量相对抗刻划能力",
      "source": "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-03"
    },
    {
      "name": "韧性特点",
      "value": "交织结构与较强的抗断裂能力有关",
      "source": "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-02"
    },
    {
      "name": "形成环境举例",
      "value": "与富白云石岩石或蛇纹岩相关的热液交代过程",
      "source": "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-01"
    },
    {
      "name": "产地举例",
      "value": "澳大利亚南澳州Cowell、新南威尔士州Tamworth附近",
      "source": "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-02"
    },
    {
      "name": "容易混淆的商称",
      "value": "澳大利亚地球科学局把“Australian or Queensland jade”列为绿玉髓商称",
      "source": "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-04"
    }
  ],
  "sections": [
    {
      "title": "组成：一种材料可以包含不同的角闪石成员",
      "paragraphs": [
        "软玉的主要组成属于角闪石家族。GIA的变质成因综述把相关成分放在透闪石到铁阳起石的变化范围内，镁、铁在组成中的差别是理解这一矿物系列的线索。这里讨论的是细粒矿物组合形成的材料，不是说每块软玉都只有一种纯净矿物。",
        "成因方面，综述介绍了两条常见路径：富硅流体进入富白云石岩石，以及富钙流体与蛇纹岩作用。二者说明形成环境，不能直接替代国家、地区或矿区名称。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "结构：细小晶体怎样结合，影响材料表现",
      "paragraphs": [
        "澳大利亚博物馆将软玉的韧性与细长纤维状晶体互相交织的结构联系起来。可以把矿物组成理解为材料的“成员”，把结构理解为这些成员的组合方式：认识透闪石这个名称，并不等于已经描述了整块材料的结构。",
        "这种交织发生在细小晶体层次。肉眼所见的颜色条带、表面纹理，以及示意图中画出的线条，都不能直接当作显微结构的实测图像。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "硬度与韧性：回答两类不同的问题",
      "paragraphs": [
        "GIA列出的软玉莫氏硬度为6—6.5，表示相对抗刻划能力。韧性关注抵抗断裂或崩缺的表现，二者不是同一排名。“软玉”的名称并不表示材料像软质物一样容易变形，较强的韧性也不表示成品经得起任意撞击。"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "产地名称：先确认地名描述的是什么",
      "paragraphs": [
        "Cowell和Tamworth附近是澳大利亚博物馆列举的软玉产出地点。这类地名回答“来自哪里”，软玉回答“是什么材料”。另一方面，澳大利亚地球科学局的对照表把“Australian or Queensland jade”列为绿玉髓的商称。可见带地名和jade的词组，需要结合原文所指材料理解，不能只按字面合并。"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "facts": [
    {
      "text": "GIA综述将软玉的主要组成放在透闪石至铁阳起石相关角闪石的范围，并讨论富白云石岩石和蛇纹岩相关的热液交代形成过程。",
      "source": "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-01"
    },
    {
      "text": "澳大利亚博物馆把纤维状晶体的交织结构与软玉韧性联系起来，并列举Cowell和Tamworth附近两处软玉产出。",
      "source": "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-02"
    },
    {
      "text": "GIA将软玉莫氏硬度列为6—6.5，同时将刻划难易与抗断裂、崩缺的韧性分开说明。",
      "source": "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-03"
    },
    {
      "text": "澳大利亚地球科学局的对照表把Australian or Queensland jade对应到chrysoprase，即绿玉髓。",
      "source": "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-04"
    }
  ],
  "fields": [],
  "steps": [],
  "limit": "本条解释材料组成、结构与名称层次；单件实物的材质、处理及产地，需要相应的检测或来源证据。未引用中国现行命名标准条款。",
  "sources": [
    "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-01",
    "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-02",
    "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-03",
    "ref-qianshuiyu-20260928-v6-04"
  ],
  "status": "可公开知识资料",
  "authoring": "Codex资料整理与核对，未声称专业鉴定",
  "version": 1,
  "published": "2026-09-28",
  "modified": "2026-09-28",
  "checked": "2026-09-28",
  "site": "qianshuiyu",
  "slug": "qsy-lib-0015",
  "url": "https://www.qianshuiyu.com/library/entries/qsy-lib-0015.html",
  "image": {
    "url": "https://www.qianshuiyu.com/library/assets/qsy-lib-0015.webp",
    "width": 1280,
    "height": 800,
    "alt": "软玉知识关系示意：角闪石家族描述组成，细小晶体交织描述结构，Cowell等地名描述产地。非实物照片或显微图。",
    "caption": "图：软玉的组成、结构与产地是三个不同层次。本站原创知识示意，非实物照片或显微图，不按比例。",
    "rights": "本站原创知识图解，未复制机构图片",
    "sha256": "2d5f9ec2bc8d4e903053f44ba901ad897c810a514bccf318b8c4e54d0d46bde1"
  },
  "related_entry_ids": [
    "QSY-LIB-0006",
    "QSY-LIB-0012",
    "QSY-LIB-0014"
  ],
  "related_articles": [
    {
      "title": "黑色软玉都由石墨致黑吗？广西12件样本给出的另一种解释",
      "url": "https://www.qianshuiyu.com/yuanshibaike/22787.html"
    },
    {
      "title": "白色软玉产地识别的94.4%是什么意思？2015年研究的样本边界",
      "url": "https://www.qianshuiyu.com/jianding/22803.html"
    }
  ],
  "change_reason": "补充基础材料或工艺知识，关联既有具体案例与原始依据。",
  "source_records": [
    {
      "title": "Gems Formed in Metamorphic Rocks",
      "publisher": "GIA / Gems & Gemology",
      "url": "https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/summer-2023-colored-stones-unearthed0",
      "published": "2023年夏季，59卷2期",
      "kind": "机构研究综述",
      "summary": "介绍软玉主要由角闪石矿物构成，以及富白云石岩石、蛇纹岩相关的热液交代形成过程。",
      "locator": "METAMORPHIC GEMSTONES → Jade：以 Nephrite jade is dominantly composed 开头的段落；其前关于两类玉材料的段落。",
      "scope": "支持组成范围和两种形成环境的科普解释；不据此认定某件物品的组成比例、地理产地或中国现行检测命名。",
      "id": "SRC-LIB-QIANSHUIYU-20260928-V6-01",
      "checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "title": "Nephrite jade",
      "publisher": "Australian Museum（澳大利亚博物馆）",
      "url": "https://australian.museum/learn/minerals/gemstones/nephrite-jade/",
      "published": "2026-06-26（页面标注更新日）",
      "kind": "博物馆材料科普",
      "summary": "介绍软玉细长纤维状晶体的交织结构及其韧性，并列出澳大利亚Cowell、Tamworth附近的软玉产出。",
      "locator": "Nephrite jade physical properties 下方关于 fibrous, interlocking structure 的段落；Nephrite jade in Australia 段落。",
      "scope": "支持结构与韧性的关系、两处地名示例；不将页面简写的透闪石组成扩展为全部软玉均为纯透闪石，也不使用其颜色概括作单件判断。",
      "id": "SRC-LIB-QIANSHUIYU-20260928-V6-02",
      "checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "title": "Jade Care and Cleaning Guide",
      "publisher": "Gemological Institute of America（GIA）",
      "url": "https://www.gia.edu/jade-care-cleaning",
      "published": "原页未注明",
      "kind": "机构材料护理科普",
      "summary": "解释莫氏硬度衡量相互刻划难易，列软玉硬度6—6.5，同时讨论抗断裂、崩缺的韧性。",
      "locator": "Hardness and toughness 小节，首段与列举 jadeite/nephrite 数值的第二段。",
      "scope": "只采用硬度范围和硬度、韧性的概念区别；不是对单件饰物的实测值，也不建议读者自行划刻或敲击。",
      "id": "SRC-LIB-QIANSHUIYU-20260928-V6-03",
      "checked": "2026-09-28"
    },
    {
      "title": "Jade",
      "publisher": "Geoscience Australia（澳大利亚地球科学局）",
      "url": "https://www.ga.gov.au/education/minerals-energy/australian-mineral-facts/jade",
      "published": "2025-05-14（页面标注更新日）",
      "kind": "政府地学科普",
      "summary": "Resources 小节列出澳大利亚软玉产地，并将 Australian or Queensland jade 这个商称对应到绿玉髓。",
      "locator": "Resources → Green ornamental stones commonly mistaken for jade 对照表；Australian or Queensland jade 一行。",
      "scope": "支持该表所列商称用法，说明地名加jade的商品词需要核对材料；不宣称所有带Australian字样的实物都为绿玉髓，不采用资源储量或当期矿业运营断言。",
      "id": "SRC-LIB-QIANSHUIYU-20260928-V6-04",
      "checked": "2026-09-28"
    }
  ],
  "publisher": "千水玉石网"
}